Apparatus for using microwave energy for insect and pest control and methods thereof

ABSTRACT

An apparatus for using microwave energy for treating an infected site infested with insects or other small pests is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a source of microwave energy connected to a power source and a power controller, a transmission element, and an antenna. The apparatus can also comprise an isolator to protect the source of microwave energy. Methods to use such an apparatus for treatment of an infected site are also disclosed.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/766,672, filed Feb. 13, 2013, which claims the benefit of U.S.Provisional Patent Application 61/600,508, filed Feb. 17, 2012. Thecontents of the Ser. No. 13/766,672 application and the 61/600,508application are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to systems and methods used in theperformance of insect and pest control. More specifically, the presentinvention relates to an apparatus for using microwave energy fortreating an infected site infested with insects or other small pests andmethods thereof.

BACKGROUND

Bedbugs (Cimex lectularius and other varieties) as household pests werelargely eliminated in the early 1940s in developed countries. However,over the past decade, there has been a resurgence of bedbug infestationsthroughout the world, and particularly in the United States. Thisresurgence has been attributed to many factors, including increasedinternational travel, increased exchange and use of previously ownedfurniture, and resistance to insecticides previously used in controltreatments. Despite this resurgence, there has not been adequatedevelopments in managing bedbug infestations.

Bedbugs, while typically found in the seams and crevasses of mattressesand in the folds of sheets and blankets on beds and in the linings ofpillows, can also spread via and live on traveling bags, clothing,carpeting, and almost every location of an infected site.

In the past, many insect infestations were treated through the use ofthe chemical insecticide DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane). However,due to the environmental impact and health risks involved with its use,DDT as an insecticide has been banned in the United States since 1972and in agricultural use throughout much of the world under the StockholmConvention in 2004. It should be noted, however, that bedbugs resistantto DDT have been plaguing the population for decades.

Aside from DDT, other insecticides that have been used to control aninsect infestation include pyrethroids, dichlorvos, and malathion.However, the insecticide approach has disadvantages. Chemicalinsecticides are seldom effective in controlling an infestation withjust one application, and often require several repeat applications ortreatment sessions in order to properly clear the infestation. Also, theuse of chemical insecticide treatments on items such as mattressesrequires sufficient ventilation and time for the chemicals to dispersefrom the item before it can be used again. Further, insecticides alsopose problems after their use in that any chemical residue left by theinsecticide can trigger allergic reactions, and the possibility ofhealth risks such as cancer or neurotoxicity in humans and pets afterlong term exposure have not been thoroughly explored. Thus, for apersonal item such as a mattress, where prolonged and close contact istypical, chemical treatments are undesirable. In any case, bedbugs and afew other insect species are immune to virtually all insecticides.

Alternatives to insecticides involve the use of inorganic material (suchas boric acid), vacuuming, and heat treatment. Heat treatments aregenerally effective in controlling bedbugs. A typical heat treatment mayinvolve steam, which, while effective in killing all stages of bed bugs,may not be effective or practical for large items such as mattresses ortreating large areas of the surrounding environment. Also, moisture leftover by steam treatments may lead to mold or moisture damage. Dry highheat treatments generally require repeated applications, and aredifficult to apply at infection sites and can damage the treatedmaterial. Because the bedbugs and their eggs are so small and the bugsthemselves can retreat within crevices or penetrate deep into fabrics,treatment methods must be able to address locations or items where depthis an issue, without the damaging effects of residual moisture or high,dry heat.

In order to address the above problems and deficiencies associated withthe bedbug and insect treatments discussed above, an apparatus formicrowave energy treatment of infection sites infested with insects orother small pests is disclosed. The microwave energy is generated andtransmitted to an antenna, where it is radiated to an infected site. Themicrowave energy is absorbed by the insects, their eggs or larvae, orsmall pests, which raises their internal temperature up to the point ofdeath, with little or no impact on surrounding fabrics or mattressmaterials and wood.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In certain aspects, an apparatus for using microwave energy for treatingan infected site infested with insects or other small pests is provided.In one embodiment, the instrumentation comprises a source of microwaveenergy connected to a power source, a transmission element, and anantenna.

In other embodiments, the instrumentation comprises a source ofmicrowave energy connected to a power source, a transmission element,and an antenna. The instrumentation optionally further comprises awaveguide or a coaxial cable as a transmission element.

In yet another embodiment, an apparatus comprises a source of microwaveenergy connected to a power source, an isolator, a transmission element,and an antenna. Optionally, the antenna further comprises a beam formingantenna that focuses the microwave energy into a beam that can bedirected at an area of infestation. The beam forming antenna optionallyfurther comprises a baffle to absorb or prevent unwanted radiation fromthe beam forming antenna from reflecting or scattering toward theoperator or towards other uncontrolled directions.

In yet another embodiment, an apparatus for using microwave energy fortreating an infected site infested with insects or other small pestscomprises a source of microwave energy connected to a power source, anisolator, a transmission element, and an antenna. The antenna optionallyfurther comprises a beam forming antenna that focuses the microwaveenergy into a beam that can be directed at an area of infestation. Thebeam forming antenna optionally further comprises a baffle to absorb orprevent unwanted radiation from the beam forming antenna from reflectingor scattering toward the operator. The beam forming antenna isoptionally flexibly connected to the source of source of microwaveenergy, allowing for the operator to easily position by hand the antennatoward an infected site that is infested with insects for illuminationby the microwave energy. The flexibly connected beam forming antennaalso allows for the operator to scan an infected site to illuminate theinfected site a portion at a time until the entire site has beenilluminated and effectively treated.

In certain aspects, a method for treating an infected site infested withsmall insects and other pests is provided. The method optionallycomprises providing an apparatus for using microwave energy for treatingan infected site infested with insects or other small pests comprising asource of microwave energy connected to a power source, an isolator, atransmission element, and an antenna. The method optionally furthercomprises generating microwave energy sourced from the microwavegenerator. The method optionally further comprises forming the microwaveenergy into a beam of microwave energy. The method optionally furthercomprises directing the beam of microwave energy toward the infectedsite. The method optionally further comprises illuminating the infectedsite.

In certain aspects, a method for treating an infected site infested withsmall insects and other pests is provided. The method optionallycomprises providing an apparatus for using microwave energy for treatingan infected site infested with insects or other small pests comprising asource of microwave energy connected to a power source, an isolator, atransmission element, and an antenna. The method further comprisesgenerating microwave energy sourced from the microwave generator. Themethod further comprises forming the microwave energy into a beam ofmicrowave energy. The method further comprises directing the beam ofmicrowave energy toward the infected site. The method further comprisesilluminating the infected site. The method further comprises scanningthe infected site to illuminate at least a portion of the infected site.The method further comprises scanning a remaining portion of theinfected site such that an area encompassing the infected site isilluminated.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and other aspects, features and advantages of the presentinvention will be more apparent from the following more particulardescription thereof, presented in conjunction with the followingdrawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a diagram depicting an apparatus for insect pest controlaccording to one embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a diagram depicting an apparatus for insect pest controlaccording to another embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a diagram depicting an apparatus for insect pest controlaccording to yet another embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method or process foremploying an apparatus for insect pest control for treating an infectedsite infested with small insects and other pests according to oneembodiment.

FIGS. 5A-5C are diagrams illustrating the area illuminated in scanningoperations from the exemplary method or process of FIG. 4 according toone embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a diagram depicting a pyramidal horn antenna in an apparatusfor insect pest control according to yet another embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a diagram depicting an end fire array antenna in an apparatusfor insect pest control according to yet another embodiment.

Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding componentsthroughout the several views of the drawings. Skilled artisans willappreciate that elements in the figures are illustrated for simplicityand clarity and have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example,the dimensions, sizing, and/or relative placement of some of theelements in the figures may be exaggerated relative to other elements tohelp to improve understanding of various embodiments of the presentinvention. Also, common but well-understood elements that are useful ornecessary in a commercially feasible embodiment are often not depictedin order to facilitate a less obstructed view of these variousembodiments of the present invention. It will also be understood thatthe terms and expressions used herein have the ordinary meaning as isusually accorded to such terms and expressions by those skilled in thecorresponding respective areas of inquiry and study except where otherspecific meanings have otherwise been set forth herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, but ismade merely for the purpose of describing the general principles of theinvention. The scope of the invention should be determined withreference to the claims. The present embodiments address the problemsdescribed in the background while also addressing other additionalproblems as will be seen from the following detailed description.Numerous specific details are set forth to provide a full understandingof various aspects of the subject disclosure. It will be apparent,however, to one ordinarily skilled in the art that various aspects ofthe subject disclosure may be practiced without some of these specificdetails. In other instances, well-known structures and techniques havenot been shown in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the subjectdisclosure.

FIG. 1 is a diagram depicting the configuration of components of anembodiment of an apparatus for use in treating insect and other smallpest infestations according to certain aspects of the presentdisclosure. The apparatus comprises a power source 101 connected to apower controller 102, which controls the power input to a microwaveenergy generator 103. The microwave energy generated by the microwaveenergy generator 103 is transmitted via a transmission element 104 to anantenna 105, where the microwave energy is then radiated to effectuatetreatment of an infected site infested with insects or other smallpests.

FIG. 2 is a diagram depicting the configuration of components of anotherembodiment of an apparatus for use in treating insect and other smallpest infestations according to certain aspects of the presentdisclosure. The apparatus comprises a power source 201 connected to apower controller 202, which controls the power input to a microwaveenergy generator 203. The microwave energy generated by the microwaveenergy generator 203 is passed through an isolator 204 and is thentransmitted via a transmission element 205 to an antenna 206, where themicrowave energy is then radiated to effectuate treatment of an infectedsite infested with insects or other small pests.

A typical operator of the apparatus controls the microwave radiationpower and energy intensity via the power controller 202, depending onthe characteristics of the infected site. For example, a greatermicrowave energy intensity or power may be desired for eliminatinginsect pests deep within a mattress compared to those pests locatedwithin carpet or other comparatively thin material. The level of poweror intensity desired varies depending on the desired treatment time,insect type/size, or other environmental factors.

In various embodiments, the microwave energy generator 203 comprises anyof a wide variety of devices capable of generating microwave power knownto those skilled in the art. A magnetron, for instance, may be used asthe source of microwave energy, as such devices are readily andcommercially available at a variety of different power levels. A typicalmagnetron, as used in a household microwave oven, operates in the 2.35to 2.65 GHz band and can heat protein, fats, carbohydrates, water, oils,and electrolytes found in food, thus making it suitable for raising theinternal temperature of insects, their eggs or larvae, or small pests atan infection site to fatal levels.

In various embodiments, the magnetron comprises a cylindrical cathode, aheater, and an anode arranged in a vacuum sealed glass envelope. Theanode is configured with a number of recesses in the interior face andhas external fins or slots to facilitate cooling by an electric fan. Thespace within the glass envelope between the cathode and the anodecomprise a resonant cavity. A magnetic circuit comprising pole piecesand a permanent magnet assembly configured to provide an essentiallyaxial magnetic field within the space between the cathode and anode.When the cathode is heated to emission temperatures, and a voltage isapplied between the cathode and anode, electrons flow from the cathodeto the anode. Due to the presence of the magnetic field, the electronsare diverted to move in a circular pattern, which builds upelectromagnetic fields resonating at the frequency of the resonantcavity space. The entire assembly comprising the vacuum tube, themagnetic material, and the cooling fan bear considerable weight.

The magnetron requires two sources of voltage to operate. A firstvoltage provides power to the heater needed to raise the temperature ofthe cathode to the point at which it emits a substantial quantity ofelectrons into the cavity, and is generally on the order of 3-6 volts;the second voltage is applied to the anode, and is generally on theorder of several thousand volts. The wiring to carry the heavy heatercurrent and the very high voltage anode voltage should be installed in asecure well protected and well insulated conduit for safety. Thus, it ispreferential to place these components in a location where the wiring isshort and secure.

The configuration of the isolator 204 between the microwave energygenerator 203 and transmission element 205 prevents almost all reflectedpower from returning to the microwave energy generator 203, which wouldaffect its performance.

According to principles understood by those skilled in the art, themagnetron (the power source) and the antenna (the load) are configuredto be impedance matched, such that almost all the power generated by themagnetron is transmitted through the antenna. However, in practice, theantenna may be placed at varying distances to the area targeted fortreatment, depending on the scale and extent of the pest infestation.When the target area is in close proximity to the antenna, some powerwill be reflected back into the antenna, and will propagate back throughthe transmission element to the magnetron. This reflected energyreentering the magnetron cavity will disturb the circulation pattern ofthe electrons, causing a change of frequency and efficiency and can leadto ineffective treatment of an infection site. If the reflected energyis of sufficient magnitude, this will result in instability whichinterferes with the proper operation of the magnetron. The isolator 204minimizes the detrimental effects of reflected power due to impedancemismatches while the apparatus is in use. Non-limiting examples ofisolators that can be used include ferroelectric material, ferromagneticmaterial, or other isolation devices, materials, or methods known orcommercially available to those skilled in the art. The isolator may beplaced anywhere along the path of the transmission element, preferablynear the magnetron output port. In some circumstances, where thedetailed design can accept a loss of efficiency due to reflected power,the isolator may be omitted.

In some embodiments, the transmission element 205 comprises a waveguideor a flexible cable, such as a coaxial cable, depending on thecharacteristics of the infected site and the desired location oftreatment. For instance, an extended slotted waveguide antenna array orother multi-element array may be more suitable than a pyramidal horn forgreater flexibility and easier access to certain infestation areas.Optionally, the use of a flexible coaxial cable can provide versatilityin treating a variety of items and locations, without increasing theoverall footprint of the apparatus. Also, a flexible coaxial cable wouldallow for an operator to treat infection sites of various sizes via ascanning method, lessening or eliminating the need to change theconfiguration of the antenna to adjust radiation area, beam size, orother radiation characteristics.

In one embodiment, the antenna 206 comprises a beam forming antenna forshaping the microwave energy as a directed beam of microwave energy.This allows for targeted treatments to isolate surrounding areas notinfected, or for concentrating the intensity of the beam for deeppenetration as required for treatment. An example of such an antenna isa pyramidal horn antenna. Optionally, a baffle further comprises antenna206 in order to provide some protection to the operator from unwantedmicrowave radiation due to scattering and reflection.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of the embodiment of an apparatus for usein treating insect and other small pest infestations of FIG. 2. Theapparatus 300 comprises a portable apparatus case 301, a transmissionelement 311, and an antenna 321.

According to aspects in the present disclosure, in various embodiments,the apparatus is plugged into a standard power socket, or the apparatuscase 301 houses a portable power source such as a battery to bolster itsportability. In the apparatus of FIG. 3, the apparatus case houses abattery or a line cord to connect to a wall outlet as the power source,a power controller, a magnetron as the microwave energy source, and anisolator to protect the functionality of the magnetron from reflectedenergy. The apparatus case 301 also comprises, in some embodiments,other considerations as to portability, such as wheels, a handle, andother accessories.

The transmission element 311 in the apparatus of FIG. 3 is, in oneembodiment, a flexible coaxial cable, which also aids in portability aswell as provides greater versatility in treating a variety of items andlocations. Flexibility in the transmission element 311 also allows anoperator to use the antenna 321 to scan an infected site where theinfected site's area is larger than the area covered by the microwaveenergy radiated by the antenna 321.

The antenna 321 in FIG. 3, in accordance with one embodiment, comprisesa pyramidal horn beam-forming antenna 322, a handle 323, and a baffle324. The handle 323 allows for handheld use of an operator during atreatment of an infected site, and aids in scanning an infected sitewhere the infected site's area is larger than the area covered by themicrowave energy radiated by the antenna 321. The baffle 324 providessome protection to the operator from unwanted microwave radiationscattered or reflected from the pyramidal horn beam-forming antenna. TheControl Cable 325, conveniently bundled with the microwave coaxialcable, connects to Control Pad 326 which is attached to the handle tofacilitate operator control of the apparatus.

In yet another embodiment of the apparatus, an example of an antennacomprising a pyramidal horn antenna is illustrated in FIG. 6. Theantenna may be shaped according to characteristics of infected sites orin accordance with desired radiation parameters for effective treatmentof infected sites.

In yet another embodiment of the apparatus, an example of an antennacomprising an end fire array antenna is illustrated in FIG. 7. In thisembodiment, the end fire array antenna comprises an insulated boardwhereupon at least one transmission line pair and at least one radiatingelement are secured. As illustrated in FIG. 7, a circuit board 701comprises the insulated board upon which a parallel pair of transmissionlines 702 is secured. The parallel pair of transmission lines 702 iscoupled with radiating elements 703 also secured on circuit board 701.The circuit board 701 is mounted to a transition section 704 thatcouples the parallel pair of transmission lines 702 to a coaxial cable706. The transition section 704 is mounted on a baffle 705. The couplingof the parallel pair of transmission lines 702 and the coaxial cable 706within the transition section 704 is understood by those skilled in theart. The coaxial cable 706 is connected to a microwave power source asrecited in this disclosure (not shown). The end fire array antenna alsocomprises a microwave-transparent cover 707 that covers the circuitboard 701.

As illustrated in FIG. 7, multiple radiating elements may be secured tothe circuit board 701, which will alter the radiation pattern of thesubsequent beam. Adjustment of the number, spacing, shape, size, andarrangement of the both the transmission line and radiating elements maybe utilized to effectuate desired radiation patterns based on theinfestation site to be treated. Adjustment of the size of the beameffective area is set by the length and number of radiating elements.Adjusting the spacing and phase feed of the elements results inadjustments to the far field beam pattern.

The radiated beam in the normal, or far field, of the end fire array iscoaxial to the array. One advantage to use of the end fire array antennais utilization of the end fire array antenna's near field radiatingpattern. When the antenna is laterally placed close to the target area,the energy from the radiating elements is more directly radiated to thetarget site or object being treated. For instance, such an antennaallows an operator to treat an infestation site such as a rug by holdingthe antenna array close, which maximizes the energy transfer from theradiating elements to the target. Alteration of the beam characteristicsvia modification of the radiating elements is understood by thoseskilled in the art.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method or process 400employing an apparatus for using microwave energy for treating aninfected site infested with insects or other small pests according tocertain aspects of the present disclosure. The exemplary process 400begins at start state 401 and proceeds to operation 410 where anapparatus for using microwave energy to treat an infected site infestedwith insects or other small pests is provided. Non-limiting examples ofsuch an apparatus for using microwave energy to treat an infected siteinfested with insects or other small pests are described above withrespect to FIG. 1 through FIG. 3 and FIGS. 6 and 7.

The exemplary process 400 proceeds to operation 420 in which microwaveenergy is generated from the apparatus for using microwave energy totreat an infected site infested with insects or other small pests. Theexemplary process 400 proceeds to operation 430 in which a beam ofmicrowave energy is formed. Non-limiting examples of antennas forforming such a beam of microwave energy are described above with respectto FIGS. 3, 6 and 7.

The exemplary process 400 proceeds to operation 440, where the beam ofmicrowave energy is directed toward the infected site. The exemplaryprocess 400 proceed to operation 450 in which an operator scans at leasta portion of the infected site with the beam of microwave energy. Therate of scanning can depend on the size and depth of the infected site,the magnitude of insect and/or small pest infestation, the microwavepower level and intensity, and the type of antenna used duringtreatment.

The exemplary process 400 proceeds to operation 460, which is a decisionpoint for the operator whereby a determination is made whether an areaencompassing the infected site has been scanned by the scanningperformed from operation 450. If the operator determines that an areaencompassing the infected site has not been illuminated (i.e., theinfected site is larger than an area of radiation covered by themicrowave energy radiated by the antenna during the scanning process),then the exemplary process 400 proceeds to operation 470, wherein theoperator scans a remaining portion of the infected site with the beam ofmicrowave energy. The exemplary process 400 proceeds again to operation460, wherein the operator must again determine if an area encompassingthe infected site has been illuminated by the scanning performed fromoperations 450 and 470. If an affirmative determination has been reachedat operation 460, the exemplary process 400 terminates at end process409. However, if the operator determines that an area encompassing theinfected site has still not been illuminated at operation 460, theprocess 400 repeats the scanning operation of 470 until an affirmativedetermination that an area encompassing the infected site has beenilluminated is reached at operation 460.

Certain operations of the exemplary process of FIG. 4 are furtherillustrated in FIG. 5A through FIG. 5C. In FIG. 5A, a beam of microwaveenergy is directed toward an area encompassing an infected site 502. Thebeam of microwave energy has an area of radiation 501, which is the areacovered by the microwave energy radiated by an antenna in an apparatusfor microwave energy for treating an infected site infested with insectsor other small pests according to certain aspects of the presentdisclosure. An operator can perform the scanning procedure fromoperation 450 of FIG. 4 by scanning at least a portion of an areaencompassing an infected site 505, illustrated in FIG. 5B by adirectional scan encompassing a first scanned area 511. As can be seen,the size of the area of radiation 501 is comparatively smaller than thesize of the area encompassing an infected site 502. The operator wouldthen determine at operation 460 of FIG. 4 that the first scanned area511 scanned from the scanning procedure from operation 450 of FIG. 4does not encompass an area encompassing an infected site, and thusproceed to operation 470 of FIG. 4 as illustrated in FIG. 5C, wherebythe operator scans a remaining portion 506 of the area encompassing aninfected site 502. The scan of the remaining portion 506 encompasses asecond scanned area 512, which, in combination with the first scannedarea 511, encompasses the area encompassing an infected site 502. Uponthis determination, the operator would then terminate the process ofFIG. 4.

The operator is not limited to the directions nor the angles with whichscans may be performed, as the infected area may have varyingcharacteristics in both area and depth. The level of power and durationof exposure during the scanning process may vary depending on the sizeand extent of the infestation as determined by methods familiar to thoseskilled in the art in view of the present disclosure. Further, theselection of a single frequency or a band of frequencies used for theapparatus may be enhanced depending on the characteristics of theinfestation or the location for treatment.

An operator, in using an apparatus according certain aspects of thepresent disclosure and the methods also disclosed herein, can wearprotective clothing to provide additional protection against straymicrowave radiation, and employ additional procedures as dictated bysafety concerts. For instance, the use of microwave absorbent materialmay be when scanning such things as clothing with metal buttons,fasteners or ornaments that may concentrate, scatter, or reflect themicrowave energy. The microwave absorbent material can be used to coverany metal material or ornaments in order for the operator to scan theitems safely.

The description of the invention is provided to enable any personskilled in the art to practice the various embodiments described herein.While the present invention has been particularly described withreference to the various figures and embodiments, it should beunderstood that these are for illustration purposes only and should notbe taken as limiting the scope of the invention.

There may be many other ways to implement the invention. Variousfunctions and elements described herein may be partitioned differentlyfrom those shown without departing from the spirit and scope of theinvention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readilyapparent to those skilled in the art, and generic principles definedherein may be applied to other embodiments. Thus, many changes andmodifications may be made to the invention, by one having ordinary skillin the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of theinvention.

A reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “oneand only one” unless specifically stated, but rather “one or more.” Theterm “some” refers to one or more. Underlined and/or italicized headingsand subheadings are used for convenience only, do not limit theinvention, and are not referred to in connection with the interpretationof the description of the invention. All structural and functionalequivalents to the elements of the various embodiments of the inventiondescribed throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to beknown to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporatedherein by reference and intended to be encompassed by the invention.Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to thepublic regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited inthe above description.

We claim:
 1. An apparatus for using microwave energy to treat aninfected site infested with insects or other small pests, the apparatuscomprising: a source of microwave energy that provides the microwaveenergy at a frequency greater than about 2.3 GHz; a flexibletransmission element configured to propagate the microwave energy, theflexible transmission element comprising coaxial cable; and a microwaveantenna that receives the microwave energy via the flexible transmissionelement and emits the microwave energy.
 2. The apparatus in claim 1,further comprising an isolator connected between the source of microwaveenergy and the flexible transmission element.
 3. The apparatus in claim1, wherein the source of microwave energy comprises a magnetron.
 4. Theapparatus of claim 1, wherein the microwave antenna comprises a beamforming antenna.
 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the beam formingantenna comprises a pyramidal horn antenna.
 6. The apparatus of claim 5,wherein the pyramidal horn antenna comprises a baffle around an end ofthe pyramidal horn antenna.
 7. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein thebeam forming antenna comprises a conical horn antenna.
 8. The apparatusof claim 7, wherein the conical horn antenna comprises a baffle aroundan end of the conical horn antenna.
 9. The apparatus of claim 4, whereinthe beam forming antenna comprises an end fire array antenna.
 10. Theapparatus of claim 2, wherein the isolator is of a material selectedfrom the group consisting of ferroelectric material and ferromagneticmaterial.
 11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the microwave antennacomprises a handle.
 12. An apparatus for using microwave energy to treatan infected site infested with insects or other small pests, theapparatus comprising: a source of microwave energy that provides themicrowave energy at a frequency greater than about 2.3 GHz; a flexibletransmission element configured to propagate the microwave energy; andan end fire array antenna that receives the microwave energy via theflexible transmission element and emits the microwave energy.
 13. Theapparatus of claim 12, wherein the flexible transmission elementcomprises coaxial cable.
 14. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the endfire array antenna comprises an insulated board upon which at least oneparallel pair of transmission lines and at least one radiating elementare secured; and wherein the parallel pair of transmission lines andradiating element are coupled.
 15. The apparatus of claim 12, whereinthe end fire array antenna comprises a transition section and a baffle.16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the end fire array antennafurther comprises a microwave transparent cover.
 17. A method for usingmicrowave energy to treat an infected site infested with insects orother small pests, the method comprising: providing the microwave energyat a frequency greater than about 2.3 GHz; propagating the microwaveenergy through a flexible transmission element, the flexibletransmission element comprising coaxial cable; passing the microwaveenergy from the flexible transmission element to a microwave antenna;and emitting the microwave energy from the microwave antenna toilluminate at least a portion of the infected site with the microwaveenergy.
 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising scanning aremaining portion of the infected site such that an area encompassingthe infected site is illuminated.
 19. The method of claim 17, furthercomprising passing the microwave energy to an isolator connected betweenthe source of microwave energy and the flexible transmission element,wherein the isolator prevents almost all reflected power from returningto the source microwave energy.
 20. The method of claim 17, wherein themicrowave antenna comprises an end fire array antenna.